A pterygium is a benign, triangular thickening of the conjunctiva that gradually invades the cornea — most often on the nasal side. It is encouraged by chronic exposure to UV, wind and dust, hence its frequency in people who have lived in sunny regions or work outdoors.
Symptoms
For a long time, just a localised redness with intermittent irritation and cosmetic concern. As it progresses, the pterygium can distort the cornea (astigmatism) and, in advanced forms, threaten the visual axis.
Monitoring and medical treatment
A slowly progressing pterygium is simply monitored. Flare-ups of irritation are relieved with artificial tears and, occasionally, anti-inflammatory drops. Sun protection (good-quality sunglasses) slows its progression.
La chirurgie
It is offered in case of progression towards the visual axis, induced astigmatism, chronic irritation or marked cosmetic concern. The reference procedure combines excision of the pterygium with a conjunctival autograft (taken from under the upper eyelid), which greatly reduces the risk of recurrence. Day surgery, under local anaesthesia.
Frequently asked questions
Is it a cancer?
No: a pterygium is a benign lesion. Any lesion with an atypical appearance is nevertheless examined carefully, and the removed tissue can be analysed.
Can it recur after surgery?
Yes, that is the main pitfall — especially in young people. The conjunctival autograft technique significantly lowers this risk compared with simple excision.
Is the operation covered by health insurance?
Yes: it is functional surgery, covered by the Assurance Maladie.
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