A retinal vein occlusion is a sudden "congestion" of the venous circulation of the retina: blood no longer drains properly, the retina swells and bleeds. It affects the central vein (CRVO) or one of its branches (BRVO) and presents as a sudden, painless loss of vision in one eye.
Risk factors
Age, high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking and glaucoma. A cardiovascular work-up is systematically arranged with the GP or cardiologist.
Diagnosis
Fundus examination (characteristic retinal haemorrhages), OCT to measure macular oedema — the main cause of vision loss — and, if needed, angiography to assess ischaemia.
Treatment
Macular oedema is treated with intravitreal injections (anti-VEGF or corticosteroids), performed at the Ophtalife practice in a dedicated room. In case of extensive ischaemia or new vessels, laser treatment is added. Regular follow-up is essential, as the condition evolves over several months.
Frequently asked questions
Will vision recover?
It depends on the type (oedematous or ischaemic) and how early treatment starts. Recovery is often partial; prompt treatment of macular oedema improves the prognosis.
Is the other eye at risk?
There is a risk to the other eye, but it remains moderate. Controlling risk factors (blood pressure first and foremost) and regular monitoring are essential.
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